Follicle Stimulating Hormone from human pituitary

General description
The α chain of FSH has 89 amino acids and the β chain has 115 amino acids. The α chain is not active. FSH belongs to glycoprotein hormone family. It is secreted by the gonadotropic cells of pituitary gland.[1] Research area: Cell signaling
Application
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from human pituitary has been used for-
in vitro luteinization of Macaque granulosa cells[2] luteal cell proliferation assay[3] culturing of preantral follicle cells obtained from mice[4] in vitro maturation of immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from mice and[5] culture of RAW264.7 cell line[6] Biochem/physiol Actions
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) in involved in the growth of ovarian follicles and steroidogenesis of ovaries. FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) interacts with FSH in the ovaries and determines the responsiveness to this hormone. Depressed levels of FSHR result in poor responsiveness and influence folliculogenesis.[7] In the Caucasian population, certain polymorphisms in the FSHR gene are more commonly found in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).[8] In the male fetuses and neonates, it facilitates the proliferation of Sertoli cells. In pubescent males, it stimulates spermatogonia to undergo mitosis.[9]FSH upon binding to its receptor FSH-R positively regulates G-protein coupled receptors/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A pathways to cascade intracellular signals.[10] The α-chain is not active; biological specificity is attributed to the β-chain. Induces maturation of Graafian follicles of the ovary; promotes development of germinal cells in males; activates cytosolic tyrosine kinase.
Physical form
Contains 0.1 mg of 0.05M PBS buffer (pH 7.4)
Other Notes
Two-chain glycoprotein hormone