Transforming Growth Factor-β1 human

General description
Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor-β1 human) is a 25kDa peptide encoded by the gene mapped to human chromosome 19q13.2.[1][2] TGF-β1 polypeptide is produced as a precursor with hydrophobic signal sequence, pro-region and mature peptide. Cleavage of the precursor at tetrabasic cleavage site results in monomers of carboxy-terminal 112 amino acids. The biologically active form of Tgfb1 exists as a disulphide-linked homodimer. In mammals, three isoforms of TGF-β has been identified : TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3.[3] Application
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 human has been used in
reporter gene assay.[4] in vitro transfection.[5] to study the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on gene array analysis of renal cells.[6] to study the association of TGF-β1 with shear stress-dependent upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in microvascular endothelial cells.[7] to study the interaction between TGF-β1 activation and myofibroblast formation.[8] Biochem/physiol Actions
TGF-β1 is a multifunctional peptide capable of influencing cell proliferation, tissue growth, differentiation, and other functions in a wide range of cell types. TGF-β1 plays a fundamental role in differentiation by involvement in adipogenesis, myogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, epithelial cell differentiation and immune cell function.[9] All cells possess a specific TGF-β1 receptor. Both transformed and non-neoplastic tissues release transforming growth factors.The multi-modal nature of TGF-β1 is seen in its ability to stimulate or inhibit cellular proliferation.[10] TGF-β1 is associated with the developmental and metastasis of colorectal cancer.[11] Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is produced by many cell types, but is reported to be most concentrated in mammalian platelets, where it is present at approximately four times the level of TGF-β2.
Physical form
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered solution containing 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and Trehalose in a 20:1 Trehalose to protein ratio
Preparation Note
Reconstitution: Sterile 10 mM HCl at 0.1 mg/mL
Analysis Note
The biological activity of TGF-β1 is measured in culture by inhibition of mouse IL-4-dependent proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells.