Pleiotrophin human

General description
PTN (pleiotrophin) is a 136-residue, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-inducible, heparin-binding cytokine. It shares ~50% similarity with midkine, a retinoic acid-inducible factor. It is expressed in a tissue and stage dependent manner during development, but in adults, this protein is expressed constitutively, though in a restricted tissue pattern.[1][2] PTN is a low molecular weight protein composed of two domains linked by disulfide bridges, with three antiparallel β-sheets in each domain.[3] This gene is localized to human chromosome 7q33-q34.[4] Recombinant human Pleiotrophin is a 15.4 kDa protein containing 136 amino acid residues and five intra-molecular disulfide bonds.
Biochem/physiol Actions
PTN (pleiotrophin) is a ligand for receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ, and binds with it and inhibits its catalytic capabilities in a “ligand-dependent receptor inactivation”-mechanism, and promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin. It acts as a mitogen for fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and trophoblasts. It promotes neurite outgrowth and glial process outgrowth from neurons and glial progenitor cells, respectively.[1] This protein functions as a protooncogene, and is up-regulated in multiple types of tumors, where it promotes tumor angiogenesis and progression.[2] This protein functions as a crucial mitogen during nerve, bone, vascular, and tumor growth, and has been found to be up-regulated in macrodactyly, identifying it as a candidate gene for macrodactyly.[5] Physical form
Lyophilized from 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5.
Preparation Note
Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C for up to 1 week. For extended storage, it is recommended to further dilute in a buffer containing a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) and store in working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C.
Other Notes
GKKEKPEKKV KKSDCGEWQW SVCVPTSGDC GLGTREGTRT GAECKQTMKT QRCKIPCNWK KQFGAECKYQ FQAWGECDLN TALKTRTGSL KRALHNAECQ KTVTISKPCG KLTKPKPQAE SKKKKKEGKK QEKMLD