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General description
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Endothelial cells (EC) line the blood vessels of the entire circulatory system, from aorta to capillaries, and act as a barrier between circulating blood and the rest of the vessel wall/surrounding tissues. Endothelial cells are involved in the processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, vasoregulation, coagulation, fibrinolysis and selective blood barrier. They are also implicated in pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular disease and cancer development.
Matched smooth muscle cells obtained from the same arteries are available as well.The most commonly used human endothelial cells are Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, (HUVEC), Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC) and Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAOEC). Select lots of HUVEC, HMVEC, and HAOEC have been pre-screened to demonstrate stimulation-dependent angiogenesis and key endothelial cell signaling pathways (phosphorylation of VEGFR, Akt, MAPK, and expression of Tie2, eNOS, Axl and Etk/Bmx.
VEGF-Stimulated Signaling in Pre-Screened Endothelial Cells
VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is a major VEGF of endothelial cells. VEGFR-2-mediated signaling plays a critical role in angiogenesis, including regulation of proliferation, differentiation, cell movement, and survival of endothelial cells. VEGF-induced receptor dimerization triggers activation of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation at a specific set of tyrosine residues, which serve as docking sites for downstream signaling components leading to activation of downstream signaling molecules, including phosphorylation of Akt and p44/42-MAPK.
Expression of Signaling Biomarkers in Pre-Screened Endothelial Cells
Prescreened Endothelial Cells express the following important biomarkers:
Tie2, a receptor tyrosine kinase critical for the angiogenic remodeling, sprout formation, survival of endothelial cells and vessel stabilization processes;
eNOS (endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase), the enzyme that producse NO which is an important signaling molecule that regulates a diverse range of physiological events and is required for normal endothelial function;
Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligand is the survival factor Gas6 (growth arrest-specific gene 6 product) implicated in many processes, such as cell survival, leukocyte transmigration and neointima formation.
Etk/Bmx (Endothelial/epithelial Tyrosine Kinase), a member of the Btk family, participates in signal transduction stimulated by growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, antigen receptors, and integrins, and has been implicated in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival.
Application
cardiovascular function, studies on immune system and graft rejection, development of 3D endothelialized engineered tissues, drug discovery, stent-graft compatibility testing
Biochem/physiol Actions
Blood Vessels
Preparation Note
2nd passage, >500,000 cells in Basal Medium containing 10% FBS & 10% DMSO
Can be cultured at least 16 doublings
Please refer to the HAOEC Culture Protocol.
Other Notes
Basal Medium containing 10% FBS & 10% DMSO
Disclaimer
RESEARCH USE ONLY. This product is regulated in France when intended to be used for scientific purposes, including for import and export activities (Article L 1211-1 paragraph 2 of the Public Health Code). The purchaser (i.e. enduser) is required to obtain an import authorization from the France Ministry of Research referred in the Article L1245-5-1 II. of Public Health Code. By ordering this product, you are confirming that you have obtained the proper import authorization.
