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General description
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Normal HFLS provide an excellent cellular model for studying the normal and pathological physiology of synoviocytes and development of joint diseases.
Normal HFLS have been used in numerous research studies to:
Study changes in gene expression in synoviocytes stimulated with TNFα (Suggiyama, 2002)
Demonstrate that TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) contributes to joint inflammation by inducing chemokines such as MIP-1β (CCL-4), lymphotactin (XCL-1), IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) (CXCL-10), MCP-1 (CCL-2), and RANTES (CCL-5), as well as the matrix metalloprotease-9, suggesting TWEAK as a new therapeutic target (Perper, 2006)
Demonstrate the role of miR-124a in arthritis pathogenesis (Nakamachi, 2009)
Show that C/EBPβ regulates expression of metalloproteinases and ADAMTS family members in synoviocytes stimulated with IL-1β (Tsushima, 2012); and that HMW-HA suppressed ADAMTS4 mRNA and protein expression via CD44, p38 MAPK and JNK pathways (Kataoka, 2013)
Evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic activity of various compounds, such as NF-κB inhibitors (Wen, 2006), AGIX-4207 (Kunsch, 2005), HA–methotrexate conjugates (Homma, 2009) and bucillamine (Oki, 2009)
Show that reactive arthritis triggered by chlamydial infection is mediated by TLR2 induced IL-6 production in synoviocytes (Konomi, 2009); and investigate the mechanisms of arthritis-like syndrome in patients infected with chikungunya (CHIK) virus (Xu, 2013)
Suggest that only leukocyte-poor, RBC-free platelet-rich plasma should be used in clinical orthopaedics because leukocytes and RBCs cause synoviocyte death and proinflammatory mediator production (Brown, 2014)
Identify that cartilage link protein and MAGP2 can be used as specific markers to distinguish chondrocytes and synovial cells (Rapko, 2007, 2010)
Create, along with human dermal fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) by using the now classic “Yamanaka cocktail”, the discovery for which Dr. Shinya Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012 (Takahashi, 2007)
Additionally, in parallel with HFLS isolated from joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, normal HFLS were used to:
Identify causing agents (such as uric acid crystals or platelet microparticles) and study the immunopathological mechanisms and signal transduction pathways leading to joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (Chen, 2011a; Hsu, 2012; Mathieu, 2008; Tsuji, 2012), and to demonstrate the role of estrogen signaling in increasing inflammation (Galal, 2008)
Investigate anti-inflammatory properties of herbal compound Sinomenine suggested for rheumatoid arthritis treatment (Chen, 2011b)
Study the effects of extracellular matrix composition on cell attachment and migration relevant to T-cell function in inflamed tissues (Evanko, 2012)
Finally, all three types of HFLS (normal, RA and OA) were used to investigate the role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in development of rheumatoid arthritis, and suggest that activated expression of different forms of HERV contribute to development of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms by different mechanisms (Freimanis, 2010).
Application
synoviocyte physiology, joint homeostasis, production of collagen, glycoproteins, lubrican, vimentin and hyaluronic acid, gene expression, signal transduction pathways, enzyme production, evaluation of anti-inflammatory agents, effects of extracellular matrix, cell attachment, migration, integrin study, proinflammatory mediator production
Biochem/physiol Actions
Bone
Preparation Note
2nd passage, >500,000 cells in Basal Medium containing 10% FBS & 10% DMSO
Can be cultured at least 5 doublings
Please refer to the HFLS Culture Protocol.
Other Notes
Basal Medium containing 10% FBS & 10% DMSO
Disclaimer
RESEARCH USE ONLY. This product is regulated in France when intended to be used for scientific purposes, including for import and export activities (Article L 1211-1 paragraph 2 of the Public Health Code). The purchaser (i.e. enduser) is required to obtain an import authorization from the France Ministry of Research referred in the Article L1245-5-1 II. of Public Health Code. By ordering this product, you are confirming that you have obtained the proper import authorization.
