English
General description
IGFs (insulin like growth factors) are predominantly produced by the liver, although a variety of tissues produce the IGFs at distinctive times. The IGFs belong to the Insulin gene family, which also contains insulin and relaxin.[1] The IGFs are similar by structure and function to insulin, but have a much higher growth-promoting activity than insulin. IGF-I expression is regulated by growth hormone.[2] IGF-I signal through the tyrosine kinase type I receptor (IGF-IR).[3] Mature IGFs are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive precursor proteins, which contain N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide regions.[4] Recombinant human IGF-I and IGF-II are globular proteins containing 70 and 67 amino acids, respectively, and three intra-molecular disulfide bonds.
Application
IGF-I human has been used:
as positive control in the quantification of growth factors in adipose-derived stem cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)[5]
as a medium supplement for trunk crestosphere cultures[6]
in stimulation protein kinase B (Akt) methylation in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human melanoma cell line(A375)[7]
In broiler chicks, IGF-I human has been used to study the effect of fadrozole and IGF-1 on female-to-male sex reversal and body weight.[8]
Biochem/physiol Actions
The IGFs (insulin like growth factors) are mitogenic polypeptide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue in vitro.[9] IGF1 is an essential component for embryonic and postnatal skeletal development. Absence of IGF1 in mice negatively affects bone development, causes hypomineralization of skeletons and growth plate disturbances.[10] It is also associated with cancer progression. It can suppress cell death and provides resistance to chemotherapy as well as radiation therapy.[11]
Physical form
Lyophilized with no additives.
Preparation Note
It is recommended to centrifuge the vial prior to reconstitution. A stock solution may be prepared by reconstituting in sterile 0.2% acetic acid (recommended) to a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The stock solution may be diluted further using aqueous buffers.
Other Notes
GPETLCGAEL VDALQFVCGD RGFYFNKPTG YGSSSRRAPQ TGIVDECCFR SCDLRRLEMY CAPLKPAKSA
