IL-1 beta human

General description
IL-1β (interleukin 1 β) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced in a variety of cells including monocytes, tissue macrophages, keratinocytes and other epithelial cells.[1][2] It is synthesized as a pro-IL-1β which is changed to active form IL-1β with the help of pro-inflammatory protease caspase-1.[3] IL-1β belongs to the IL-1 gene family.[4] The gene is mapped to human chromosome 2q14.[5] Recombinant human IL-1β is a 17.3kDa protein containing 153 amino acid residues.
Application
IL-1β (interleukin 1 β) human has been used to study the effect of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators on leukotriene B4 and C4 synthesis as well as secretion in an inflamed porcine endometrium.[6] It has been used to study the effect of cytokines on synthesis and secretion of leukotrienes from endometrial epithelial cells of pigs.[7] Biochem/physiol Actions
Both IL-1α (interleukin 1 α) and IL-1β binds to the same receptor and has similar if not identical biological properties. These cytokines have a broad range of activities including, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, mitogenic FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-like activity and the ability to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.[8][9][2][4] However, whereas IL-1β is a secreted cytokine, IL-1α is predominantly a cell-associated cytokine.[10] IL-1β is involved in proinflammatory and immunological responses. Some of them include enhancing IL-2 generation, and increasing circulating NO (nitric oxide) and bringing neutrophils. It also regulates gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, mesenchymal growth factors and colony stimulating factors.[1] IL-1β is present in chronic inflamed tissues and also in tissues going for fibrogenesis.[4] It brings neutrophil and macrophage to the site of infection.[11] Mutations in IL-1β gene are linked with renal manifestations and renal sequelae in Henoch-Schönlein purpura.[12] It is also associated with destruction of β-cell in type 1 diabetes.[13] Physical form
Lyophilized from 10 mM Sodium Phosphate, pH 7.4 + 50mM NaCl.
Preparation Note
Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C for up to 1 week. For extended storage, it is recommended to further dilute in a buffer containing a stabilizer (example 5% Trehalose) and store in working aliquots at -20°C to -80°C.
Other Notes
APVRSLNCTL RDSQQKSLVM SGPYELKALH LQGQDMEQQV VFSMSFVQGE ESNDKIPVAL GLKEKNLYLS CVLKDDKPTL QLESVDPKNY PKKKMEKRFV FNKIEINNKL EFESAQFPNW YISTSQAENM PVFLGGTKGG QDITDFTMQF VSS