Transforming Growth Factor-β1 from porcine platelets

General description
The TGFB (transforming growth factor-β) gene is mapped to pig (Sus scrofa) chromosome between 6q11-q21.[1] In mammals, TGFβ is present in three isoforms (TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3), of which TGFβ1 is predominant.[2][3] Application
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 from porcine platelets has been used in chondrogenic differentiation.[4] It has also been used in immobilization process.[5] Biochem/physiol Actions
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) is a multifunctional polypeptide growth factor. TGF-β mediates cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Important cellular functions such as inflammation, extracellular matrix synthesis, epithelial restoration and developmental processes are also controlled by TGF-β.[6][3] TGF-β controls the regulation of enamel mineralization in porcine.[7] TGF-β is associated with the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (a chronic lung disease). TGF-β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and contributes to proliferation and metastasis of cancer. The TGF-β induced EMT is observed in kidney fibrosis.[8] TGF-β is stimulates regeneration of intestinal tissue.[6] Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is produced by many cell types, but is reported to be most concentrated in mammalian platelets, where it is present at approximately four times the level of TGF-β2.
Physical form
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in 35% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid containing 0.05 mg bovine serum albumin per μg cytokine.
Analysis Note
The biological activity is measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells.