Glucagon

General description
Glucagon (GCG) peptide is secreted in response to insulin from pancreatic islets α-cells.[1] Glucagon is synthesized from proglucagon and is 29-amino acid peptide hormone.[2] Proglucagon gene is mapped to human chromosome 2q24.2.[3] Application
Glucagon (GCG) has been:
used as a component of hormone stock solution for preserving full biological activity of heart tissues obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats[1] used as an infusion in phases II and III fasting king penguins to study the various lipolytic, metabolic, and hormonal responses[4] used for the stimulation of PGC-1α expression in hepatocytes[5] used to induce the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase α1 (MAT1A), which is involved in the regulation of hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine and the adaptive response to fasting[6] used to study its effect on stimulation of gluconeogenesis through hepatic lipolysis, mediated by inositol trisphosphate receptor 1 (INSP3R1)[7] intraperitoneally injected in mice to assess glucagon-induced Sam68 subcellular localization in vivo[8] Biochem/physiol Actions
Glucagon (GCG) produces elevation in contractility and the frequency of contraction in heart muscles. It activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and thus, elevates glucose utilization by heart muscles.[1] In multiple mammals, though not humans, this peptide induces lipolysis, and is the major lipolytic hormone in birds. It also induces gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in mammals and birds.[4] The paired box 6 (PAX6) regulates the expression of glucagon.[9] High levels of glucagon referred to as hyperglucagonemia leads to a high risk of diabetes and is associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.[2] Defective glucagon hypersecretion is regarded as an etiopathogenic factor.[9] Other Notes
H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH.xHCl
Lyophilized from 0.1% TFA in H2O